Newspaper Articles:

“Advisory Group on Comic Books to be Proposed,” Hartford Courant, 6/2/55

“Al Capp Defends Comics in Litchfield Address,” Hartford Courant, 11/1/54

“Articles on Misnamed Comics Merit High Praise,” Hartford Courant, 2/21/54

“Assembly Comic Book Ban Backs Courant Campaign,” Hartford Courant, 6/12/55

“Beware Romance: Crude, Sexy Comics Not Only Offenders, Cana Director Warns,” Catholic Transcript, 5/5/55

“Bill Hits Comic Book Tie-In Sales,” Hartford Courant, 1/29/55

“Capp on Comics,” Hartford Courant, 11/4/54

“The Case For Comic Books,” Bridgeport Herald, 5/9/54

“Civic, Social Organizations Join Clean Comics Drive,” Hartford Courant, 2/18/54

“Civil Liberties and Horror Comics,” Hartford Courant, 7/18/55

“Cleanup of Printed Filth Job For All Catholics, Priest Says,” Catholic Transcript, 5/26/55

“Comic Book Bill Seeks Fines, Jail,” Hartford Times, 5/8/55

“Comic Book Censor Challenged on Code,” Hartford Courant, 4/12/55

“Comic Book Hearings Start in Connecticut on Feb. 28,” Hartford Times, 2/13/55

“Comic Book Issue,” Hartford Times, 3/17/55

“Comic Book Probers Ask Legal Advice,” Hartford Courant, 3/10/55

“Comic Book Publisher Blasts Courant for 'Unfairness' in Cleanup Campaign,” Hartford Courant, 2/26/54

“Comic Books Bill Heads Student Legislature Slate,” Hartford Courant, 2/14/55

“Comic Books But One Aspect of Problem, Says Youth Authority,” Catholic Transcript, 5/19/55

“Comic Books On City Hall Newsstand Not Registered Among Best Sellers,” Hartford Courant, 6/17/48

“Comic Books Under Mock Hearing Fire,” Hartford Courant, 2/26/55

“Comic Books Viewed From a Scholastic Level,” Hartford Courant, 2/23/54

“Comic Censorship is 'Monster',”Bridgeport Herald, 5/15/55

“Comics and the Seduction of the Innocent,” Catholic Transcript, 4/29/54

“Comics Measure Favored; Some Clarification Asked,” Hartford Courant, 5/18/55

“Connecticut Probe to Seek Comic Book, Delinquent Tie,” New York Herald-Tribune, 2/6/54

“Contents of Comic Books Appalling to Civic Leaders,” Hartford Courant, 2/16/54, p.1

“Council Asks News Stands Eliminate Improper Books,” Hartford Courant, 6/15/48

“Council Votes Cleanup Week on Comic Books,” Hartford Times, 6/15/48, p.1

“Councilmen Invited to Comic Book Parley,” Hartford Courant, 6/25/48

“Crime and the Comics,” Hartford Courant, 11/18/50

“Crime Comic Unit Plans Statewide Organization,” Hartford Courant, 3/29/55

“Crime Comics Removed From New Britain Stands,” Hartford Courant, 3/8/54

“Dealers Ready To Clean Up Magazines But Who's To Decide Which Are Bad?, Hartford Courant, 6/16/48

“Depravity For Children – 10 Cents a Copy!,” Hartford Courant, 2/14/54, p.1

“Distributors Hail Plan to Screen Comic Books,” Hartford Courant, 2/15/55

“Don’t Underrate Comic Books' Evil Influence on Young People,” Catholic Transcript, 5/12/55

“Druggists Offer Cleanup Plan on Comic Books,” Hartford Times, 6/16/48

“Free Press Held Vital to People,” Hartford Times, 1/3/55

“House Approval Completes Action on Ban of Comics,” Hartford Courant, 6/7/55

“It’s Up to the Parents,” Hartford Courant, 3/13/54

“Juveniles Get a Break in this Court: Hartford Treats Young Delinquents With a Real Understanding of Their Problem,” Hartford Courant Magazine, 3/30/52

“Kerrigan Praises Newspaper Comics,” Hartford Times, 6/16/48.

“Kravsow Honored by VFW For Comic Books Series,” Hartford Courant, 12/5/5

“Kravsow’s Comics Series Wins Christopher Award, Hartford Courant, 8/24/54, p.1

“Legislature Opens Comic Books Probe,” Hartford Courant, 1/28/55, p.1

“Lurid Comics Back on Newsstands Disguised as Pocket-Sized Books,” Hartford Courant, 12/5/54, p.1

“Many Magazines are 'Packaged' to Druggists,” Hartford Courant, 2/18/54

“Mayor Urges Cleanup of Crime, Sex Books,” Hartford Times, 6/23/48, p.1.

“Middletown Stores Restricting Comics,” Hartford Times, 6/26/1948.

“Mock or Mockery?,” Catholic Transcript, 3/3/55

“Move to Clean City of 'Comic' Books Sought,” Hartford Times, 6/16/48, p.1

“Naylor Teachers Compile Booklet To Fight Comics,” Hartford Courant, 2/12/55

“Needed Capstone to the Comic Book Ban, Hartford Courant, 5/3/54

“New Britain Council Acts To Regulate Comic Books,” Hartford Courant, 3/18/54.

“New Britain Wants Comic Books Banned,” Hartford Courant, 6/17/48

“Nine Appointed to Committee for Delinquency Study,” Hartford Courant, 11/11/47

“No Comic Book Problem If Good Reading Tastes Are Developed Early,” Catholic Transcript, 7/8/54

“No State Censorship, Please,” Hartford Times, 7/31/54

“Of Many Things,” Hartford Courant, 1/28/54

“'Operation Swap' Nets 5,000 Comics In Norwich; Burning Plans Canceled,” Hartford Courant, 2/29/55

“Panelists Split on Ways to Fight Lurid Comics,” Hartford Courant, 3/1/54

“Psychiatrist Raps Crime Comic Books,” Hartford Courant, 2/22/55

“Public Taste, Profit Used to Justify Horror Comics,” Hartford Courant, 2/15/54, p.1

“Reading Good Comics Recommended to Prevent Taking Life Too Seriously,” Hartford Times, 6/21/48

“Recent Decisions and Statutes,”Connecticut Bar Journal (March 1956) vol. 30, pp. 98-101

“Republicans Pledge Comic Book Probe,” Hartford Courant, 7/7/54, p.1

“School Survey Sees a Potential For Good in Comic Book Appeal,” Catholic Transcript, 6/16/55

“Senate Probers to Use Courant Comics Expose,” Hartford Courant, 3/7/1954

“State and City Officials Warn Comics Publishers to 'Clean Up'," Hartford Courant, 2/17/54, p.1

“The Comic Books Face a Crisis,” Hartford Courant, 7/12/54

“The Place to Clip Comics is at the Source,” Hartford Courant, 2/24/54

“VFW In 30 Towns Backs Fight on Comics Menace,” Hartford Courant, 3/1

“We Don’t Need Any Board of Censors,” Hartford Courant, 4/1/54

“What Do Your Children Read?,” Hartford Courant, 2/14/54

“Women Aim Campaign at Comic Books,” Hartford Courant, 11/4/1954

“Worked Against Comics For a Long Time,” Hartford Courant, 2/20/54

Other Primary Sources:

1949 General Statutes of Connecticut

Alan Sherberg to Vending Stand Operators Who Handle Magazines, February 7, 1958. RG 005: Records of the Governors of Connecticut, Box 646: Ribicoff Subject File 1955-1961, Blind, Board of Education of. Removal of Objectionable Literature from Vending Stands. Connecticut State Library Archives, Hartford, Connecticut.

Alan Sherberg to Vending Stand Operators Who Handle Magazines, March 11, 1958. RG 005: Records of the Governors of Connecticut, Box 646: Ribicoff Subject File 1955-1961, Blind, Board of Education of. Removal of Objectionable Literature from Vending Stands. Connecticut State Library Archives, Hartford, Connecticut.

Annual Report of the New York State Joint Legislative Committee to Study Publication and Dissemination of Offensive and Obscene Material, 1955. Collection of the Connecticut State Library, Hartford, Connecticut.

Annual Report of the New York Joint Legislative Committee to Study the Publication and Dissemination of Offensive and Obscene Material, 1956, p.88. Collection of the Connecticut State Library, Hartford, Connecticut.

Barron, Milton L. The Juvenile Delinquent in Society (New York, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954)

Chester Kerr to Governor Abraham Ribicoff, May 24, 1955; and Walter G. Farr, Jr. to Governor Abraham Ribicoff, May 27, 1955. RG 005: Records of the Governors of Connecticut, Box 646: Ribicoff Subject File 1955-1961, "Comic Books". Connecticut State Library Archives, Hartford, CT.

Comic Books and Juvenile Deliquency, Interim Report of the Committee on the Judiciary pursuant to S. Res. 89 and S. Res. 190 (83d Cong. 1st Sess.) - (83d Cong. 2d Sess.) (New York, 1955), at http://www.collectortimes.com/~comichistory/kefauver.html

Connecticut General Assembly Senate Hearings, 6/3/55; and Connecticut General Assembly House Proceedings, 6/6/55

Connecticut Public Acts, 1955; 1955 Supplement to the General Statutes, State of Connecticut, Chapter 423, Sec. 3293d

Hartford Court of Common Council minutes, 6/14/48. Hartford Collection, Hartford Public Library.

Hartford Court of Common Council minutes, 7/26/48. Hartford Collection, Hartford Public Library.

Hartford Court of Common Council minutes, 8/23/48. Hartford Collection, Hartford Public Library.

Henry Edward Schultz to Governor Abraham Ribicoff, June 11, 1955. RG 005: Records of the Governors of Connecticut, Box 646: Ribicoff Subject File 1955-1961, “Comic Books.”

Interview with Irving Kravsow, April 30, 2003

Journal of the Senate, Hartford, Connecticut, January 27, 1954.

Journal of the Senate, Hartford, Connecticut, May 6, 1955

Journal of the Senate, Report of the Special Committee on Juvenile Delinquency, p.889. Hartford, Connecticut, June 6, 1955

Nathaniel Raucher to Governor Abraham Ribicoff, June 7, 1955. RG 005: Records of the Governors of Connecticut, Box 646: Ribicoff Subject File 1955-1961, “Comic Books.”

New Haven News Agency to Governor Abraham Ribicoff, May 25, 1955. RG 005: Records of the Governors of Connecticut, Box 646: Ribicoff Subject File 1955-1961, “Comic Books.”

Rabbi M. Herschel Levine to Governor Abraham Ribicoff, June 7, 1955. RG 005: Records of the Governors of Connecticut, Box 646: Ribicoff Subject File 1955-1961, “Comic Books.”

Transcript, Connecticut General Assembly House Proceedings, January 27, 1955. Connecticut State Library.

Transcript, Connecticut General Assembly Joint Standing Committee Hearings, Judiciary Committee, 5/17/55.

Wertham, Fredric. Seduction of the Innocent (New York, New York: Rinehart & Company, Inc., 1954)

Secondary Sources:

Austin, Joe and Willard, Michael Nevin, eds. Generations of Youth: Youth Cultures and History in Twentieth-Century America (New York, New York: New York University Press, 1998).

Barker, Martin. Haunt of Fears: The Strange History of the British Horror Comics Campaign (Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 1984).

Benton, Mike. Crime Comics: the Illustrated History (Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing, 1993).

Berk, Jon. “Love & Death” Comic Book Marketplace, no. 20 (Gemstone Publishing, December 1992).

Mann, Ron. Comic Book Confidential [film] (Sphinx Productions, 1988).

Nyberg, Amy Kiste. Seal of Approval: the History of the Comics Code (Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 1998).

Robbins, Trina. From Girls to Grrrlz: A History of Comics from Teens to Zines (San Francisco, California: Chronicle Books, 1999).

Savage, William W., Jr. Commies, Cowboys, and Jungle Queens: Comic Books and America, 1945-1954 (Hanover, New Hampshire: Wesleyan University Press, 1990).

Wright, Bradford W. Comic Book Nation: the Transformation of Youth Culture in America (Baltimore, Maryland: John Hopkins University Press, 2001).